With Nigeria currently gripped by an unusual wave of harmattan-like weather, health professionals are urging citizens to prioritize immune health and minimize stress as cases of cold-related illnesses such as cough, sore throat, and congestion become increasingly common.
Experts interviewed by PUNCH Healthwise attribute the recent increase in respiratory issues to unexpected climatic changes bringing colder, drier, and dustier conditions across the country—conditions similar to typical harmattan periods.
These fluctuating weather patterns, they explain, are ideal for the spread of respiratory viruses, resulting in a surge of the common cold and similar infections.
Professor Tanimola Akande, a public health expert at the University of Ilorin, clarified that most colds are mild viral infections—primarily from rhinoviruses—but are frequently misinterpreted as more severe conditions like pneumonia, influenza, or bacterial bronchitis.
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The professor warned that while sneezing, stuffy nose, and sore throat are standard cold symptoms, persistent fever, difficulty breathing, or chest pain could indicate a more serious illness that requires a doctor’s attention.
Akande highlighted that the blend of chilly mornings and nights, intense afternoon heat, and increased dust has raised the risk of respiratory infections—especially in areas struggling with overcrowding, inadequate ventilation, and poor hygiene.
“The combination of lower temperatures, dryness, and dusty winds has made Nigerians more susceptible to colds this year. These conditions aren’t normal for this season and reflect the realities of our changing climate,” he noted.
He recommends practical steps for staying healthy: wash hands frequently, keep warm, ensure living spaces are well-aired, and avoid close contact with anyone showing symptoms of illness.
Akande also stressed that managing stress levels is key to a healthy immune system and noted that both physical and emotional stress can make the body less capable of warding off infections.
“Reducing stress isn’t just good for your peace of mind—it’s essential for immunity. Make sure you’re resting well, eating nutritious foods, and staying hydrated,” he advised.
He cautioned against taking antibiotics without medical direction, emphasizing that antibiotics do not cure viral infections and inappropriate use contributes to resistance.
For those already feeling unwell, Akande suggested simple remedies such as steam inhalation, saline sprays, and approved over-the-counter medications, but stressed the importance of seeking a doctor’s advice if symptoms persist or worsen.
“It’s a common mistake to turn to antibiotics at the first sign of a cold. They don’t work against viruses. If you experience symptoms like high fever or difficulty breathing, seek medical help immediately,” he advised.
To naturally bolster the immune system during this weather, Akande recommends adding vitamin- and antioxidant-rich fruits like oranges and lemons to your diet, as well as considering supplements containing Vitamin C, D, and zinc.
He also points to the benefits of regular exercise and quality sleep as effective defenses against infection.
Echoing these points, Tahir Laurat, a licensed community health practitioner, confirmed a marked rise in patients displaying cold symptoms in recent weeks.
Working from a pharmacy, Laurat observed that the dramatic shifts between chilly mornings and sweltering afternoons—combined with heavy dust—have worsened respiratory health, particularly for those exposed outdoors.
“People, especially those who work outside, are constantly breathing in dusty air. We’re treating more cases of sneezing, runny noses, scratchy throats, and general discomfort—many are really affected,” she reported.
Laurat explained that the body’s defenses can be weakened by such unpredictable conditions, making it easier for viruses to cause illness.
She emphasized that drops in immunity due to environmental stress help viruses take hold and spread.
Laurat cautioned that while most colds are mild, people should stay alert—serious illnesses like pneumonia or the flu have symptoms such as high fever, fatigue, body aches, or breathing trouble that require prompt attention.
“Dusty air irritates the respiratory system and these temperature swings put stress on your body, lowering immunity and opening the door to infection,” she said.
Laurat’s tips for prevention include dressing appropriately, drinking plenty of fluids, wearing masks in crowded or dusty environments, and keeping homes clean and dust-free.
She further emphasized the role of stress management in keeping immunity strong.
“Something as simple as drinking more water, eating fruit often, and prioritizing rest can go a long way. People need to consciously limit stress, both physical and emotional, to help their body fight off infections,” Laurat concluded.
