Diabetes has silently become one of the leading health threats to women in South Africa, and its impact is being felt across communities in West Africa, including Nigeria and Ghana. Recent data from Statistics South Africa shows diabetes is the number one cause of natural deaths among South African women, only surpassed by Covid-19 in certain years. Alarmingly, this trend highlights diabetes as a greater killer than heart disease, cancer, or HIV among women—a situation that raises major concerns for public health experts in Africa and around the world. As Ingrid Singels, Marketing Manager for Pharma Dynamics’ Scientific Division, warned, “Worldwide, diabetes affects men and women equally, but in South Africa, we see significantly more women living with diabetes than men, and they also face more severe complications. Yet, diabetes remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.” These realities are echoed in many parts of West Africa, where healthcare systems face similar gaps in screening, awareness, and management.
Beyond the statistics, diabetes presents unique challenges for African women. According to a 2019 review in BMC Medicine, women with diabetes globally face a 13% higher risk of death from all causes, a 30% greater risk from cardiovascular disease, and a striking 58% increased risk from coronary heart disease compared to men with diabetes. These findings are a wake-up call for Nigerian and West African women—understanding what’s fact and what’s fiction about diabetes could save lives. Below, we break down 11 of the most stubborn myths about diabetes, their medical reality, and what they mean for you in our region.
Myth 1 – Eating Too Much Sugar Causes Diabetes
Many Nigerians believe that overconsumption of sugar is the sole cause of diabetes. It’s a common story at neighbourhood gatherings: “O boy, you dey chop sugar too much, no go get diabetes!” However, science paints a more nuanced picture. While a diet high in calories and sugary foods can make you overweight—a known risk factor for Type 2 diabetes—eating sugar alone does not directly cause diabetes. Genetics and lifestyle factors play a far more significant role, especially in Type 1 diabetes, which is not linked to sugar intake at all. That said, adopting a balanced diet and active lifestyle remains your best defence.
Myth 2 – Diabetics Can’t Eat Any Sugar Or Sugary Foods
If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with diabetes in Lagos, Accra, or even a rural setting, you might have heard: “No sugar for you again o!” The reality is not so strict. Medical advice has evolved, and sugars from natural sources like fruit, vegetables, and dairy can form part of a well-balanced diabetic-friendly diet. Research indicates that people with diabetes can enjoy modest amounts of table sugar or sweetened treats as long as these are included within their daily energy requirements—generally up to 10% of total caloric intake. What matters most is portion size and total dietary balance.
Myth 3 – People With Diabetes Should Avoid Certain Fruits
There’s a widespread belief in West Africa that fruits like bananas and grapes will “spike” blood sugar and must be avoided by diabetics. In reality, portion control is key. According to global studies, eating whole fruits—including bananas and grapes—is associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. These fruits are rich in fibre, essential vitamins, and minerals. The main concern is excessive fruit juice consumption, which can increase dietary sugar quickly. Whole fruit, eaten in moderation, is a healthy option for most people, including those living with diabetes.
Myth 4 – Diabetics Should Eat Special Diabetic Food
Products labelled “suitable for diabetics” are often seen on supermarket shelves in Nigeria and Ghana, but should you prioritize these? According to Cindy Chin, a dietician and nutrition manager at Woolworths, the best nutrition plan isn’t about expensive “diabetic” foods, which sometimes contain too much unhealthy fat or calories. It is about eating various local, fresh foods, and managing portion size. For those in West Africa, staple diets can be diabetes-friendly when meals are balanced and portion-controlled—for example, combining efo riro (vegetable soup) with small portions of swallows or rice, lots of vegetables, and lean proteins.
Myth 5 – Gestational Diabetes (GDM) Is Temporary, So It’s No Big Deal
Many women develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy, with prevalence rates in Africa ranging from 3% to 20% depending on risk factors and region, according to Sweet Life. Contrary to popular belief, GDM is not just a “small pregnancy wahala.” It occurs due to hormonal changes that affect insulin use and is not a result of eating habits or body size alone. While some women may feel unnecessary guilt or shame, the bigger risk is what comes later: Women who’ve had GDM have an eight- to tenfold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes or heart problems long after delivery. Ongoing medical screening and lifestyle changes are crucial for prevention.
Myth 6 – Diabetes Among Women Is The Same As With Men
There’s often little awareness about how diabetes affects men and women differently. Yet, according to recent studies, women with type 2 diabetes have a 27% higher risk of stroke and are 19% more likely to develop vascular dementia than their male peers. Women are also less likely to achieve sustained blood sugar control and may receive less aggressive medical management. Hormonal factors play a role—early menopause (before 40) greatly increases diabetes risk, while cyclical estrogen fluctuations during the reproductive years can make diabetes control tricky. This calls for more vigilant screening and tailored care for African women.
- Recent data show that women with type 2 diabetes have a 27% higher stroke risk and 19% higher vascular dementia risk than men
- Women are less likely to reach improved blood sugar levels and receive less intensive care compared to men
Lagos-based endocrinologist Dr. Aminat Bello notes: “Increasing awareness about these differences and encouraging regular health checks for women—especially those approaching menopause—could help prevent serious complications.”
Myth 7 – Cinnamon (Or A ‘Natural’ Supplement) Can Replace Diabetes Meds
It’s not uncommon in Nigeria and across West Africa to find stories or product promotions for natural remedies—especially cinnamon, bitter leaf, or special teas—that allegedly treat diabetes or replace prescribed medicine. While research shows cinnamon might help reduce fasting glucose slightly, it is not a substitute for insulin or oral diabetes drugs. Medical professionals advise that skipping prescribed medicines in favour of unproven natural remedies could lead to dangerous complications.
Myth 8 – Only Obese People Get Diabetes
Obesity increases diabetes risk, but it’s not the whole story. In West Africa’s urban centres, as well as rural areas, many people of average or even slim appearance are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes each year. Hidden factors such as visceral fat (fat around the organs) or low muscle mass can also drive insulin resistance. Genetics, age, diets high in processed carbs, and physical inactivity all contribute. The message: anyone can develop diabetes, regardless of body size. Early screening and lifestyle changes matter for all.
Myth 9 – Insulin Is Addictive, So You Should Avoid It
Many women across Africa fear insulin, believing that once you start injections, you’ll become “addicted” or go blind. However, experts confirm this is unfounded. Insulin is a hormone naturally produced by the pancreas, and its use does not cause dependence, addiction, or blindness. On the contrary, starting insulin early when prescribed can reduce complications and improve long-term health outcomes. Breaking this myth could help save lives in communities where late presentation for diabetes care is common.
Myth 10 – You Can Always Tell When Your Blood Sugar Is High
Many people rely on how they “feel” to judge their blood sugar levels, assuming they can always spot warning signs. In reality, high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) doesn’t always cause noticeable symptoms. Some people may go months or even years without obvious signs, all the while damage is happening internally—to the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels. This underlines the vital importance of regular checkups and glucometer use, especially for those with risk factors or family history.
In summary, diabetes is on the rise in Nigeria and across Africa, with women facing unique risks and challenges. Understanding the facts—while dispelling unhelpful myths—is the first step to a longer, healthier life. Regular screenings, a balanced diet with local foods, regular physical activity, and following medical advice are your best weapons in the fight against diabetes.
Do these diabetes myths sound familiar in your community? What challenges have you or your loved ones faced living with or managing diabetes in Nigeria or West Africa? Share your thoughts, experiences, or questions below. Your story could help another reader make an informed choice—so don’t be shy!
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